The bedouins where washed up at the shores of the North Atlantic Plastic Patch some time ago. As they couldn't leave, they made with what they managed to get: Rain water for drinking, fishes and algae for food, and crude oil for fire and energy.
A different approach to the "Uncharted Seas" and the Hammer movie adaptation "The Lost Continent". I think the plastic doesn't need to be alive to be hazardous.